Onjiniyela baseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eSan Diego benze amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenza kahle emakhazeni ashubisa umnkantsha kanye namazinga okushisa ashisayo, kuyilapho epakisha amandla amaningi.Abacwaningi bafeze lokhu ngokwakha i-electrolyte engagcini nje ngokuguquguquka futhi eqinile kulo lonke izinga lokushisa elibanzi, kodwa futhi ehambisana ne-anode yamandla aphezulu kanye ne-cathode.
Amabhethri amelana nezinga lokushisazichazwe ephepheni elishicilelwe ngesonto likaJulayi 4 ku-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Amabhethri anjalo angavumela izimoto zikagesi ezindaweni ezibandayo ukuba zihambe ibanga elide ngeshaji eyodwa;banganciphisa nesidingo sezinhlelo zokupholisa ukuze kugcinwe amabhethri ezimoto ekushiseni ngokweqile ezindaweni ezishisayo, kusho uZheng Chen, uprofesa we-nanoengineering e-UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering kanye nomlobi ophezulu wocwaningo.
“Udinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa le-ambient lingafinyelela amadijithi amathathu futhi imigwaqo ishisa nakakhulu.Ezimotweni zikagesi, amaphakethe ebhethri ngokuvamile angaphansi kwesitezi, eduze nale migwaqo eshisayo, ”kuchaza uChen, ophinde abe yilungu lobuhlakani be-UC San Diego Sustainable Power and Energy Center.“Futhi, amabhethri ayafudumala ngenxa nje yokuphuma kwamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Uma amabhethri engakwazi ukubekezelela lokhu kufudumala ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ukusebenza kwawo kuzokwehla ngokushesha.”
Ekuhlolweni, amabhethri obufakazi bomqondo agcine u-87.5% no-115.9% womthamo wawo wamandla ku--40 no-50 C (-40 no-122 F), ngokulandelanayo.Baphinde baba nokusebenza okuphakeme kwe-Coulombic okungu-98.2% no-98.7% kulawa mazinga okushisa, ngokulandelana, okusho ukuthi amabhethri angashajwa futhi akhiphe imijikelezo ngaphambi kokuba ayeke ukusebenza.
Amabhethri athuthukiswa u-Chen nozakwabo ayakwazi ukumelana nokubanda nokushisa ngenxa ye-electrolyte yawo.Yenziwe ngesisombululo esiwuketshezi se-dibutyl ether exutshwe nosawoti we-lithium.Isici esikhethekile mayelana ne-dibutyl ether ukuthi ama-molecule ayo abopha kancane kuma-ion e-lithium.Ngamanye amazwi, ama-molecule e-electrolyte angadedela kalula i-lithium ion njengoba ibhethri ligijima.Lokhu kusebenzisana kwamangqamuzana okubuthakathaka, abacwaningi ababekutholile ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kweziro.Futhi, i-dibutyl ether ingathatha ukushisa kalula ngoba ihlala imanzi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (inendawo yokubilisa engu-141 C, noma 286 F).
Ukuzinzisa amakhemikhali e-lithium-sulfur
Okunye okubalulekile ngale electrolyte ukuthi ihambisana nebhethri ye-lithium-sulphur, okuwuhlobo lwebhethri ekwazi ukushajwa futhi ene-anode eyenziwe nge-lithium metal kanye ne-cathode eyenziwe ngesulfure.Amabhethri e-lithium-sulphur ayingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bebhethri besizukulwane esilandelayo ngoba athembisa ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.Zingagcina amandla aphindwe kabili ikhilogremu ngayinye kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion anamuhla - lokhu kungaphinda kabili ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi ngaphandle kokunyuka kwesisindo sephakethe lebhethri.Futhi, isibabule siningi kakhulu futhi asinankinga kangako ekutholeni umthombo kune-cobalt esetshenziswa ku-cathode yebhethri ye-lithium-ion yendabuko.
Kodwa kunezinkinga ngamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur.Kokubili i-cathode ne-anode zisebenza kahle kakhulu.Ama-Sulfur cathodes asebenza kakhulu kangangokuthi ayancibilika ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri.Le nkinga iba yimbi kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Futhi i-lithium metal anode ijwayele ukwenza izakhiwo ezifana nenaliti ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-dendrites akwazi ukubhoboza izingxenye zebhethri, kubangele ukuthi ihambe kancane.Ngenxa yalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur agcina kuphela amashumi emijikelezo.
"Uma ufuna ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu, ngokuvamile udinga ukusebenzisa i-chemistry enokhahlo, eyinkimbinkimbi," kusho u-Chen.“Amandla aphezulu asho ukuthi kuningi ukusabela okwenzekayo, okusho ukuthi ukuzinza okuncane, ukuwohloka okwengeziwe.Ukwenza ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu elizinzile kuwumsebenzi onzima ngokwako - ukuzama ukwenza lokhu ngezinga lokushisa elibanzi kuyinselele nakakhulu. "
I-electrolyte ye-dibutyl ether eyakhiwe ithimba le-UC San Diego ivimbela lezi zinkinga, ngisho nakumazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi.Amabhethri abawahlolile abe nempilo ende kakhulu yokuhamba ngebhayisikili kunebhethri elivamile le-lithium-sulphur."I-electrolyte yethu isiza ukuthuthukisa kokubili uhlangothi lwe-cathode kanye nohlangothi lwe-anode ngenkathi ihlinzeka nge-conductivity ephezulu nokuzinza kwe-interfacial," kusho u-Chen.
Ithimba liphinde lakha i-sulphur cathode ukuze izinze ngokuxhunyelelwa ku-polymer.Lokhu kuvimbela isibabule esiningi ekuncibilikeni ku-electrolyte.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zihlanganisa ukukhuphula ikhemistri yebhethri, ukulenza lisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokwelula impilo yomjikelezo.
Iphepha: "Indlela yokukhetha i-solvent yamabhethri e-lithium-sulfur angakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa."Ababhali ababambisene nabo bahlanganisa u-Guorui Cai, u-John Holoubek, u-Mingqian Li, u-Hongpeng Gao, u-Yijie Yin, u-Sicen Yu, u-Haodong Liu, u-Tod A. Pascal no-Ping Liu, bonke base-UC San Diego.
Lo msebenzi usekelwe uxhaso lwe-Early Career Faculty oluvela ku-NASA's Space Technology Research Grants Programme (ECF 80NSSC18K1512), iNational Science Foundation nge-UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Centre (MRSEC, grant DMR-2011924), kanye neHhovisi le I-Vehicle Technologies yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ngoHlelo Oluthuthukisiwe Lwezinto Zebhethri Lokusebenza (Battery500 Consortium, inkontileka DE-EE0007764).Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokwengxenye eSan Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure (SDNI) e-UC San Diego, ilungu leNational Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure, esekelwa yiNational Science Foundation (isibonelelo se-ECCS-1542148).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-10-2022