Wonke umuntu ufuna indlela yokugcina izibani zikhanya uma ugesi ucisha.Njengoba isimo sezulu esishubile sicindezela igridi yamandla engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi izinsuku eziningi ngesikhathi kwezinye izifunda, amasistimu okulondoloza asekelwe kuphethiloli—okungukuthi amajeneretha aphathekayo noma ahlala njalo—abonakala engathembeki ngokwandayo.Kungakho amandla elanga okuhlala ahlanganiswe nesitoreji sebhethri (uma sekuyimboni ye-esoteric niche) aphenduka ngokushesha ukhetho olujwayelekile lokulungela inhlekelele, ngokusho kwabafaki, abakhiqizi, nochwepheshe bemboni abangaphezu kweshumi nambili esixoxisane nabo.
Kubanikazi bezindlu, amabhethri angama-kilowatt amaningi ashaja kusuka kumaphaneli elanga asophahleni athembisa ukuqina uma kwenzeka kuba nenhlekelele yemvelo—umthombo kagesi onokwethenjelwa, oshajwa kabusha, osheshayo ukuze kugcinwe amadivayisi abalulekile nezinto zikagesi zisebenza kuze kube yilapho igridi ibuya ku-inthanethi.Ngezinsiza, ukufakwa okunjalo kuthembisa igridi kagesi ezinzile futhi enekhabhoni ephansi maduze nje.Nansi indlela ongasetha ngayo ikhaya lakho.(Yiba nje uzilungiseleleukushaqeka kwesitikha.)
Ubani okufanele athole lokhu
Amandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni lapho ecisha abalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukulondoloza ukunethezeka okuyisisekelo namakhono okuxhumana.Ikale ifike kusistimu enkulu, futhi ungakwazi ukweqa okuyisisekelo, wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yezinto zikagesi namathuluzi engeziwe isikhathi esengeziwe kuze kubuye amandla egridi.Lezi zixazululo zenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kakhulu ukuze singakwazi ukutusa amabhethri athile, ukuphakamisa ukuthi mangaki amahora we-kilowatt-isitoreji owadingayo ukuze usebenzise ikhaya lakho lapho igridi iphansi, noma ukuchaza ukuthi kungakanani ukukhiqizwa kwelanga okudingayo ukuze ugcine ibhethri lakho lishajiwe.Khumbula, futhi, ukuthi ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo-kuhlanganise nezidingo zakho ezithile zamandla, isabelomali, nendawo (cishe zonke izifundazwe nezisetshenziswa zinezinhlelo zazo zokukhuthaza, izaphulelo, kanye nezikweletu zentela) -konke kunomthelela ezinqumweni zakho zokuthenga.
Inhloso yethu ukukusiza ukuthi ucabange ngezinto ezintathu: imibuzo okudingeka uzibuze yona mayelana nokuthi yini nokuthi kungani ufake ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yebhethri yelanga endlini yakho, imibuzo okufanele uyibuze abangase bayifake lapho uhlangana nabo, kanye nombuzo wokuthi ingabe isistimu yokugcina ibhethri ngokuyinhloko imele ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuqineni kwekhaya lakho noma kugridi yesikhathi esizayo iyonke.“Lokho kufana nehora lokuqala nengxenye yezingxoxo zami: ukutshela abantu lokho okufanele bacabange ngakho,” kusho uRebekah Carpenter, umsunguli weFingerlakes Renewables Solar Energy enyakatho neNew York.
Ngiyabona ukuthi kungani.Bengidinga ukufaka amahora amaningi ocwaningo ukuze nje ngisonge ikhanda lami kukho konke ukungena nokuphuma, ngibuyekeze izibonelo zokufaka nokudlala indima yomuntu ongase abe umthengi.Futhi ngizwelana nanoma yimuphi umuntu owenza lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali.Uzobhekana nohide lwezinqumo ezinkulu—kusukela ekukhetheni kwakho usonkontileka ukuya kumklami nabakhiqizi besistimu yakho kuya ekuxhaseni ngemali.Futhi konke kuzosongwa ngezingqimba ze-jargon yobuchwepheshe.UBlake Richetta, oyi-CEO ye-Battery makerSonnen, wathi enye inselele enkulu abhekene nayo iwukuhumushela amakhasimende akhe lokhu kwaziswa, noma, njengoba akubeka, ukuze “akwenze kuthandeke kubantu abavamile.”Ngempela ayikho indlela elula yokubhekana nombuzo wokuthi, kanjani, futhi kungani kufanele usebenzise isitoreji sebhethri lelanga.
Kungani kufanele usithembe
Ngaphambi kokuba ngiqale lo mhlahlandlela, okuwukuphela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami kwamandla elanga kwaba ukucwiywa ngothango lwezinkomo olusebenza ilanga epulazini elisogwadule oluphakeme.Ngakho-ke ukuze ngizinikeze isifundo sokuphahlazeka endaweni yokugcina ibhethri yelanga, ngikhulume nemithombo engaphezu kweshumi nambili, okuhlanganisa abasunguli noma abaphathi babakhiqizi bamabhethri abayisithupha;izifaki ezinhlanu ezinolwazi olunzulu, ezivela eMassachusetts, New York, Georgia, nase-Illinois;kanye nomsunguli we-EnergySage, ohlonishwayo "umfanisi welanga ongachemile” esinikeza iseluleko samahhala nesinemininingwane kubanikazi bezindlu kuzo zonke izinto ezihlobene nelanga.(Izifaki zezilwane ze-EnergySage, ezingase zikhokhe imali ukuze zifakwe ohlwini lwenkampani losonkontileka abagunyaziwe.) Emzamweni wokunikeza ububanzi bemibono kanye nokujula kolwazi, ngifune abafakeli ezindaweni zezwe hhayi njalo. ezibhekwa njengezilungele ukuzungeza ilanga, kanye nalabo abanezizinda ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa naleyo egxile ekuhlinzekeni amandla elanga emiphakathini yasemakhaya entulayo.Ngasekupheleni kwenqubo, ukuze nje ngizijabulise, ngajoyina ucingo phakathi kwesifaki kanye nomfowethu kanye nodadewabo kadadewabo (abangase babe ngabathengi belanga nebhethri e-Texas), ukuzwa ukuthi hlobo luni lwemibuzo ababuzwa nguchwepheshe (futhi ngokuphambene nalokho) mayelana nokuhlela ukufakwa okusha.
I-solar ene-backup yebhethri isho ukuthini, kahle-hle?
Amaphaneli elanga anokugcinwa kwebhethri okuyisipele awayona into entsha: Abantu bebelokhu besebenzisa amabhange amabhethri e-lead-acid ukugcina amandla elanga amashumi eminyaka.Kodwa lezo zinhlelo zikhulu, zidinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, zithembele ezintweni ezinobuthi futhi ezonakalisayo, futhi ngokuvamile kufanele zigcinwe endaweni ehlukile, isakhiwo esimelana nesimo sezulu.Ngokuvamile, zikhawulelwe ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ezisebenza ngaphandle kwegridi.Lo mhlahlandlela ugxile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi amasistimu elanga ahlanganiswe ngegridi, lapho amaphaneli elanga anikezela ngamandla kuwe kokubili wena kanye negridi.Ngakho-ke esikhundleni salokho sikhuluma ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion esimanje, ahlangene, anamandla amakhulu avela okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-2010.
Kubantu abaningi, uhlelo lokuqala olunjalo abaluzwayo kwakuyi-Powerwall kaTesla, eyamenyezelwa ngo-2015. Kusukela ngo-2022, ngokusho komsunguli we-EnergySage u-Vikram Aggarwal, okungenani izinkampani ezingu-26 zinikeza izinhlelo zokugcina i-lithium-ion e-US, nakuba i-akhawunti yabakhiqizi abayisikhombisa kuphela. cishe kukho konke ukufakwa.Kusukela ekwabelaneni okuphezulu kakhulu kuye kwephansi, labo bakhiqizi banjaloQinisa,Tesla,LG,I-Panasonic,I-SunPower,I-NeoVolta, futhiGenerac.Kungenzeka uhlangane nambalwa kulawa magama njengoba uqala ucwaningo lwakho.Kodwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uzinikeza izinketho eziningi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nosonkontileka abaningi, njengoba iningi labo lisebenza nabakhi bamabhethri ababili noma abathathu kuphela.(Umehluko phakathi kwamabhethri ngokuvamile wehlela kukhemistri, uhlobo lwamandla okufaka abawathathayo, umthamo wawo wokugcina, nomthamo wawo wokulayisha, njengoba kuchazwe ezigabeni ezilandelayo.)
Nokho, ngokuyisisekelo, wonke amabhethri asebenza ngendlela efanayo: Agcina amandla avela kumaphaneli elanga ophahleni njengamandla amakhemikhali emini, abese ewakhulula njengoba kudingeka (imvamisa ebusuku, lapho amaphaneli elanga engasebenzi, kanjalo ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi) ukuze ugcine izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinsiza zekhaya lakho zisebenza.Futhi wonke amabhethri ashaja kuphela ngamandla e-DC (amanje aqondile), uhlobo olufanayo olukhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi."Amabhethri awenziwa ngokufana," kusho u-Aggarwal.“Banamakhemistri ahlukene.Anama-wattages ahlukene.Anama-ampere ahlukene.Futhi ingakanani i-amperage engakhishwa ebhethrini ngesikhathi esinikeziwe, okungukuthi, zingaki izinto ezisetshenziswayo engingazisebenzisa kanyekanye?Akukho okulingana konke. ”
Inani lamandla elingagcinwa ibhethri, likalwa ngama-kilowatt-amahora, lizoba yisici esibalulekile ezibalweni zakho.Uma indawo yangakini ingavamile ukucinywa isikhathi eside, ibhethri elincane nelingabizi kakhulu lingase lifanele izidingo zakho.Uma ukucima kwendawo yangakini kuhlala isikhathi eside, kungase kudingeke ibhethri elikhudlwana.Futhi uma unemishini ebalulekile ekhaya lakho engenakuvunyelwa nakancane ukuthi iphelelwe amandla, izidingo zakho zingase zibe phezulu okwamanje.Lezi yizo zonke izinto okufanele ucabange ngazo ngaphambi kokuthi uxhumane nabangase bafake—futhi labo chwepheshe kufanele balalele izidingo zakho futhi babuze imibuzo ekusiza ukuthi ucwenge ukucabanga kwakho.
Kufanele ucabangele nezinye izinto ezimbalwa, futhi.
Esokuqala ukuthi uzobe ufaka isistimu sonozungezilanga entsha ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ufaka isitoreji sebhethri, noma uzofaka kabusha ibhethri kusistimu ekhona.
Uma konke kuzoba kusha, uzoba nohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinketho kukho kokubili ibhethri olikhethayo kanye nokukhetha kwakho kwamaphaneli elanga.Iningi lokufakwa okusha lisebenzisa amabhethri ahlanganiswe ne-DC.Lokho kusho ukuthi ugesi we-DC okhiqizwa amaphaneli akho uphakela endlini yakho futhi ushaja ibhethri ngokuqondile.Ugesi ube usudlula ocingweni olubizwa ngokuthi i-inverter, oluguqula ugesi we-DC (wamanje oqondile) ube ngugesi we-AC (alternating current)—uhlobo lwamandla asetshenziswa yizindlu.Lolu hlelo lunikeza indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokushaja amabhethri.Kodwa kuhilela ukusebenzisa i-DC enamandla kakhulu endlini yakho, okudinga umsebenzi okhethekile kagesi.Futhi abantu abambalwa engikhulume nabo bazwakalise ukungabaza mayelana nokuphepha kwe-DC enamandla kagesi.
Ngakho-ke ungakhetha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amabhethri e-AC-coupled, futhi ufake i-solar array esebenzisa ama-microinverter ngemuva kwephaneli ngayinye ukuze uguqule okukhiphayo kube yi-AC ophahleni lwakho (okusho ukuthi ayikho i-high-voltage current engena ekhaya lakho).Ukuze ushaje ibhethri, ama-microinverter ahlanganisiwe ebhethri ngokwalo abese eguqula ugesi ube yi-DC, oshintshwa ubuyele ku-AC lapho ibhethri ithumela amandla ekhaya lakho.Amabhethri ahlanganiswe ne-AC awasebenzi kahle kunamabhethri ahlanganiswe ne-DC, ngoba ngokuguqulwa ngakunye amandla kagesi alahleka njengokushisa.Iba nengxoxo engagwegwesi nesifaki sakho mayelana nobuhle, ububi, nokuphepha okuhlobene kwendlela ngayinye.
Uma usuvele unayo i-solar futhi ufuna ukufaka ibhethri, izindaba ezinkulu ziwukuthi manje ungenza kanjalo."Sengineminyaka engu-20 ngikwenza lokhu, futhi ngikwazi ukungena ngibheke uhlelo futhi ngilungise kabusha kuyamangaza," kusho uRebekah Carpenter weFingerlakes Renewables.“Ngikhumbula ngesikhathi ingekho inketho yokubuyisela kabusha uhlelo.Ubungeke ukwazi nhlobo ukusebenzisa i-solar uma igridi yehla.”
Isixazululo sitholakala kuma-inverters e-hybrid, anikeza amakhono amabili abalulekile.Okokuqala, bathatha okokufaka njenge-AC noma i-DC, bese besebenzisa isofthiwe ukuthola lapho idingeka khona futhi benze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo.“Ukuthi-noma-nokuthi,” kusho uMbazi.“Iyisebenzisela ukushaja amabhethri [DC], iyisebenzisela ikhaya noma igridi [AC], noma uma inamandla anele angenayo, iyisebenzisela kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa.”Wengeze ngokuthi lokho akubiza ngokuthi “agnostic” ama-hybrid inverters anenani elikhethekile lokubuyisela kabusha amasistimu webhethri, ngoba angasebenza namabhethri ezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene;abanye abenzi bebhethri bakhawulela ama-inverter wabo ayingxube ukuthi asebenze ngamabhethri abo kuphela.Umbazi oshiwoI-Sunny Islandnjengomenzi oyedwa wama-inverters angama-agnostic.I-Sol-Arkngesinye isibonelo.
Uma usuvele unayo i-solar futhi ufuna ukufaka ibhethri, izindaba ezinkulu ziwukuthi manje ungenza kanjalo.
Okwesibili, ama-inverter e-hybrid angakhiqiza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi isignali yegridi.Ama-solar array adinga ukuzwa ukuthi igridi iku-inthanethi ukuze isebenze.Uma zilahlekelwa yileso signali—okusho ukuthi kunegridi enqamukayo—ziyayeka ukusebenza kuze kubuye ugesi;lokhu kusho ukuthi awunawo amandla kuze kube yileso sikhathi futhi.(Kuyindaba yokuphepha, kuchaza uSven Amirian wase-Invaleon: “Insiza idinga ukuthi ungawondli amandla uma kukhona [abantu] abasebenza emigqeni.”) Ngokukhiqiza isignali yegridi, ama-inverter ayingxube avumela isimiso sakho sonozungezilanga esivele sikhona. qhubeka nokusebenza lapho kucima, unika ikhaya lakho amandla futhi ushaja ibhethri emini futhi usebenzisa ibhethri ukunika amandla ikhaya lakho ebusuku.
Ngokungeziwe kumthamo wokugcina, olinganiswa ngama-kilowatt-amahora, amabhethri anamandla okulayisha, akalwa ngama-kilowatt.Igamaumthamo oqhubekayoisho ukuthi mangakanani amandla ibhethri engawathumela ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, futhi ikhombisa umkhawulo wokuthi mangaki amasekhethi ongawasebenzisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.Igamaumthamo omkhuluisho ukuthi mangakanani amandla ibhethri engawakhipha imizuzwana embalwa lapho umshini omkhulu osebenza njengomshini wokupholisa umoya, ukhahlela futhi udale isidingo esisheshayo, esifushane sokuthola ijusi eyengeziwe;isenzakalo esinjalo sidinga umthamo omkhulu ophakeme.Xhumana nosonkontileka wakho ukuze uthole ibhethri elizohlangabezana nezidingo zakho.
I-Lithium-ion battery chemistry iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ilanga.Okuvame kakhulu amabhethri e-NMC, noma i-nickel-magnesium-cobalt.Okungavamile kakhulu (kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwakamuva) amabhethri e-LFP, noma i-lithium-iron-phosphate.(Igama lokuqala eliyinqaba livela kwelinye igama, i-lithium ferrophosphate.) Amabhethri e-NMC angamandla aminyene kokubili, njengoba mancane ngokomzimba kumthamo onikeziwe wokulondoloza.Kodwa azwela kakhulu ekushiseni okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha (anendawo ephansi ye-flash, noma izinga lokushisa lomlilo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ngokombono angenwa kalula yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi.ukusakazwa komlilo oshisayo).Bangase futhi babe nemijikelezo yokukhipha imali yempilo yonke ephansi.Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt, ikakhulukazi, kunokukhathazeka okuthile, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwayo kuhlanganiswe nokungekho emthethweni futhiimikhuba yezimayini exhaphazayo.Amabhethri e-LFP, njengoba anamandla amancane, adinga ukuthi abe makhudlwana umthamo othile, kodwa awazweli kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ukushisa futhi angase abe nemijikelezo ephezulu yokushaja.Ekugcineni, uzophetha nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhethri olungena kangcono ekwakhiweni kwakho ozinzile nosonkontileka wakho.Njengokuvamile, nokho, khuthala futhi ubuze imibuzo.
Futhi lokho kuveza iphuzu lokugcina: Khuluma nezifaki zelanga eziningi ngaphambi kokukhetha esisodwa."Abathengi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi, bahlale beqhathanisa isitolo," kusho i-EnergySage's Aggarwal.Izifaki eziningi zisebenza nabakhiqizi abambalwa bebhethri namaphaneli, okusho ukuthi ngeke uthole isithombe esigcwele salokho okungenzeka kunoma iyiphi yazo.UKeith Marett, umongameli wezinkonzo zamandla ahlanzekile e-Generac—umkhiqizi wezinhlelo zokusekela uphethiloli okhula ngokushesha ekubeni isipele esivuselelekayo—uthe “into enkulu kubanikazi bezindlu, empeleni, ukuthola ukuthi bafuna indlela yabo yokuphila ibe yini ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi. , nokwakha uhlelo lokusekela lokho.”Ukwengeza isitoreji sebhethri kuwutshalomali olukhulu futhi, ngokwezinga elikhulu, kukukhiyela ohlelweni oluthile, ngakho ungajahi isinqumo sakho.
Lokhu kuzobiza malini—futhi ingabe ukudinga ngempela?
Ngihlala eDolobheni laseNew York, lapho ukugcinwa kwebhethri lelanga elingaphakathi endlini kungavunyelwe ngenxa yekhodi yomlilo, futhi isitoreji sebhethri sangaphandle sisho ukuzulazulaI-Kremlinesque bureaucracy (PDF).(Ihlaya elokuthi cishe akekho umuntu onesikhala sangaphandle lapha angaqala ngaso.) Futhi angikwazanga ukufaka ibhethri noma ngabe livunyelwe—ngihlala endlini yokubambisana, hhayi ikhaya elizimele, ngakho-ke anginayo eyami. uphahla lwamaphaneli elanga.Kodwa noma ngingafaka ibhethri, ukucwaninga nokubhala lo mhlahlandlela kungenze ngaba nombuzo ukuthi ngizokwenza.Kuyafaneleka ukuzibuza imibuzo ethile ebalulekile ngaphambi kokuthi ukhiphe i-trigger.
Okokuqala, ukufaka isitoreji sebhethri kuyabiza ngokwemvelo.Idatha ye-EnergySage ikhombisa ukuthi engxenyeni yokugcina ka-2021, izindleko ezimaphakathi ngehora ngalinye le-kilowatt lesitoreji sebhethri zazicishe zibe ngama- $ 1,300.Yiqiniso, lokho kusho ukuthi ingxenye yamabhethri ohlwini lwenkampani ibiza kancane kunaleyo nge-kilowatt-hora (futhi ingxenye ibiza ngaphezulu).Kepha nomakhi webhethri obiza kancane ohlwini lwe-EnergySage,Igridi Yasekhaya, ibiza ngaphezu kuka-$6,000 ngohlelo lwe-9.6 kWh.Amabhethri asuka ku-“big seven” (futhi, lokhoQinisa,Tesla,LG,I-Panasonic,I-SunPower,I-NeoVolta, futhiGenerac) izindleko zisuka cishe ngokuphindwe kanye nengxenye kuya kokuphindwe kabili.“Okwamanje ingeyabami kahle,” kusho u-EnergySage's Aggarwal ehefuzela.Wanezela, nokho, ukuthi izindleko zokugcinwa kwebhethri sekuyisikhathi eside zisezingeni eliphansi, futhi ulindele ukuthi lo mkhuba uqhubeke.
Ingabe udinga ngempela ukusebenzisa ithani lemali ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zakho lapho kucisha ugesi?Kunezinketho ezingabizi kakhulu kune-high-kilowatt isitoreji selanga, kufaka phakathiamajeneretha kaphethiloli aphathwayo,iziteshi zamandla eziphathwayo ze-lithium-ion, futhi encaneamashaja ebhethri elangaokuhloswe ngayo ukugcina izisetshenziswa zisebenza.
Lezo zindlela eziphathwayo—ngisho nalezo ezingashajwa kabusha eziphephile ukuthi zisetshenziswe endlini—azifaneleki njengokuxhuma izinto endaweni ephuma odongeni.Nokho kukhona ngisho nezindlela zokwenza ukuthi amasekethe asekhaya asebenze ngokucisha ngaphandle kwesistimu yelanga yophahla lwelanga.Igoli elinguziro, eye yaba nempumelelo ekuthengiseni amajeneretha elanga kwabahlala emakhempini kanye nama-RVers, iphinde inikeze ikhithi yokuhlanganisa yasekhaya esebenzisa lawo majeneretha ukwenza izindlu zikagesi.Lapho ucisha, wena unqamula ikhaya lakho kugridi (iswishi yokudlulisa ebonakalayo ifakiwe emsebenzini wokufaka).Bese usebenzisa amasekhethi asekhaya lakho kubhethri le-Goal Zero langaphandle bese ulishaja kabusha ngamaphaneli elanga aphathwayo e-Goal Zero.Ngandlela thize, le kit ye-Goal Zero ihlukanisa umehluko phakathi kwesistimu yebhethri yelanga ne-solar efakwe ngokugcwele kanye neshaja yebhethri yelanga eyisisekelo kakhulu.Ukusetshenziswa kweswishi yokunqamula mathupha kwengeza isinyathelo esengeziwe ngokumelene namaswishi okudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo asetshenziswa kumasistimu elanga aboshwe ngegridi.Inani?"Siqala cishe ku-$4,000 efakwe ekhaya lakho ngebhethri lethu elingama-kilowatt angu-3," kusho isikhulu senkampani uBill Harmon.
Zonke lezi zinketho zinezindawo eziphansi kanye nemikhawulo yazo.Ishaja yedivayisi yelanga izokuvumela ukuthi uhlale uthintana nobathandayo futhi ikunikeze ukufinyelela izexwayiso zezindaba esimweni esiphuthumayo, kodwa ngeke igcine isiqandisi sisebenza.Izibaso ezimbiwa phansi zingaphela, zikushiye ubambe ongezansi, futhi vele ijeneretha yezimbiwa ezimbiwa phansi ayihambisani nemvelo."Kodwa, njengoba sekushiwo, uma uzoyiqhuba kabili ngonyaka, izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu ngonyaka, mhlawumbe ungaphila nomthelela okwamanje," kusho u-Aggarwal.Abenzi bebhethri abambalwa bahlanganise ikhono lokusebenzisa amajeneretha wamafutha ensalela ukushaja amabhethri abo uma kwenzeka ukucima kukagesi okunwetshiwe.Usihlalo weSonnen kanye ne-CEO uBlake Richetta uthe uma inhloso yakho kuwukukwazi ukuqina ngemuva kwenhlekelele, “Kufanele ube nejeneretha yegesi—isipele sekhophi yasenqolobaneni.”
Ngamafuphi, kufanelekile ukukala ubunzima obulindelekile besikhathi esizayo esimeni esiphuthumayo ngokumelene nezindleko zokuthola ukuqina.Ngikhulume noJoe Lipari, iphini likamongameli wamaphrojekthi e-Brooklyn SolarWorks (okuyinto, njengoba igama libonisa, esebenza eNew York City, lapho, futhi, amabhethri angakabi khona inketho), futhi washo okuhle kakhulu.Ukuvalwa kwe-Northeast ka-2003.Kube yizinsuku ezimbalwa ezingemnandi ngaphambi kokuthi ugesi ubuye.Kodwa sengihlale lapha cishe iminyaka engu-20, futhi ukuphela kwesikhathi engake ngaphelelwa amandla ngaso.Ngokombono wokulungiselela izimo eziphuthumayo, ngabuza uLipari ukuthi yini okufanele ngiyithathe ekuphumeni ngo-2003-okungukuthi, bekuyinkinga yini ukuqinisa ngokumelene noma ubungozi obuncane bokubunjwa?“Abantu basitshela lokho,” ephendula.“Ukhokha enye i-$20,000 ukuze uthole uhlelo lokugcina ibhethri?Mhlawumbe akudingekile.”
Ungasebenza isikhathi esingakanani ikhaya lakho ngokulondoloza ibhethri lelanga?
Sibuze ochwepheshe abaningi ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zingahlala isikhathi esingakanani uma kungasebenzi, uma sikhuluma nje.Impendulo emfushane nelandelanayo: ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24 ebhethrini elilodwa.Kodwa izimangalo ziyahlukahluka kangangokuthi impendulo ephelele yalo mbuzo ayifinyeleli kangako.
Ngo-2020, ngokushoI-US Energy Information AdministrationIzibalo, ikhaya elijwayelekile lase-US lidla amahora angama-kilowatt angama-29.3 ngosuku.Ibhethri eliyisipele elijwayelekile lelanga lingagcina endaweni ethile cishe amahora angama-kilowatt ayi-10."Akudingeki ukuthi ngikutshele ukuthi lokhu ngeke kusebenze indlu yakho usuku lonke," kusho u-EnergySage's Aggarwal.Amabhethri ngokuvamile ayabekeka, okusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa amabhethri amaningi ukuze wandise isitoreji sakho.Kodwa-ke, ukwenza kanjalo akushibhile.Kubantu abaningi, ukunqwabelanisa akusebenzi—noma kungenzeka ngokwezimali.
Kodwa "kuyoze kube nini ngigijima ikhaya lami" kuyindlela engalungile ngempela yokucabanga ngesitoreji selanga esimweni sokucisha.Okokuqala, ungalindela amaphaneli akho elanga ukuthi alethe amandla womabili ekhaya lakho futhi ashaje ibhethri lakho phakathi nosuku—esimo sezulu libalele—ngalokho ngokuqhubekayo uvuselela umthombo wakho wamandla oyisipele.Lokho kwengeza uhlobo lokuqina oluntula uphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, ngoba uma igesi noma i-propane yawo isiphelile, awanamsebenzi uze uthole uphethiloli owengeziwe.Futhi lokho kungase kungenzeki esimweni esiphuthumayo.
Okukhulu nakakhulu, phakathi nokucima, ukuthi mangakanani amandla owawongayo okungenani abaluleke njengamandla ongawagcina.Ukuze wenze ibhethri lakho lihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, uzodinga ukunciphisa indlela osebenzisa ngayo.Ngemva kokuphila phakathi kweSiphepho u-Andrew eMiami, ngo-1992, ngaphendula izinselele zalokho okuhlangenwe nakho—ngingenamandla izinsuku eziningi, ukudla okubolayo—ngaba uchungechunge lokubuza.Ngibuze zonke izifaki nabakhi bebhethri engikhulume nombuzo ofanayo: Ngokucabanga ukuthi ngifuna ukugcina isiqandisi sisebenza (ngenxa yokuphepha kokudla), ngigcine amadivayisi ambalwa ashajiwe (ngokuxhumana nolwazi), futhi ngigcine izibani ezithile zivuliwe (ukwenzela ukuphepha kokudla). ukuphepha ebusuku), ngingalindela ukuthi ibhethri lihlale isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokushajwa kabusha?
U-Keyvan Vasefi, inhloko yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza, kanye nokukhiqiza kwaIgoli elinguziro, uthe yena nomkakhe benze izivivinyo eziningi ebhethrini labo elingu-3 kWh, futhi bangakwazi ukuhamba usuku nohhafu “ngefriji esebenza, ukushajwa kwezingcingo eziningi, negumbi lokulala elikhulu negumbi lokugezela elinokukhanya.”Baphinde benza izivivinyo ngama-solar panel abo axhunywe ebhethrini.Ngisho ngikhumbula ukuthi uVasefi unentshisekelo yokuthengisa lobu buchwepheshe, ngingasho ukuthi wenza icala eliqinile ngakho: “Sizama ukwenza sengathi ukuphela komhlaba futhi sibone ukuthi kwenzekani, futhi singathola ngempumelelo isikhathi esingenamkhawulo. isikhathi sokugijima” kuleyo zifunda ezilinganiselwe, esho.“Amabhethri abuyela kumaphesenti ayikhulu nsuku zonke ngo-6:00 pm Futhi sizizwa sijabule ngempela ngalokho.”
Ibhethri elingu-10 kWh ngokuvamile lingakwazi ukusebenzisa ifriji, izibani ezithile, namashaja edivayisi ambalwa izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, kusho u-Sven Amirian, iphini likamongameli we-Invaleon, isifaki esizinze eMassachusetts.Leso sikhathi sinanelwe ngu-Aric Saunders, iphini likamongameli omkhulu we-Electriq eyenza amabhethri.
Uma ufaka ibhethri, usonkontileka wakho angase akucele ukuthi ukhethe “isethi engaphansi yesimo esiphuthumayo” elinganiselwe yamasekhethi asekhaya lakho, azobese ewahambisa ephanelini elincane.Ngesikhathi sokucima, ibhethri izophakela lawa masekhethi kuphela.(Isibonelo, ubaba unejeneretha eyisipele ye-propane ekhaya lakhe eVirginia, futhi ixhunywe kwelinye lamayunithi akhe amathathu afaka umoya opholile, isiqandisi, izitolo zasekhishini, i-heater yamanzi efuneka kakhulu, kanye nezibani ezithile. Indlu ayinayo i-TV, ilondolo, nezinye izinto eziwusizo kuze kube yilapho igridi ibuya. Kodwa ukuba nekhaya elipholile kancane neziphuzo ezibandayo kusho umehluko phakathi kokunethezeka nosizi phakathi nokucisha kukagesi ehlobo njalo.)
Ungakwazi futhi ukuvala mathupha izinqamuleli ngazinye kuphaneli yakho ukuze ukhawulele ibhethri ekuphakeleni kuphela lezo ozibheka njengezibalulekile.Futhi wonke amabhethri esitoreji selanga afika nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikubonisa ukuthi yimaphi amasekhethi asetshenziswayo, akusiza ukuthi uthole futhi uqede ukudonsa kwamandla okungenzeka ukuthi awukunakanga."Esikhathini sangempela, ungayishintsha imikhuba yakho futhi mhlawumbe welule usuku olwengeziwe," kusho u-Amirian.Yazi, nokho, ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwekhasimende kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kuwuhlobo olufanayo lwesikhwama esixubile esiluthola kulo lonke uhlelo lokusebenza lomshini ohlakaniphile esilihlolayo: Abanye abantu bayaluthanda, kuyilapho abanye bekhungathekiswa ukusebenza kabi nezibuyekezo zeziphazamiso.
Ekugcineni, abenzi bebhethri sebeqala ukunikeza amaphaneli ahlakaniphile.Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ukuguqula nokuvala amasekhethi angawodwana ukude futhi ngaleyo ndlela wenze ngendlela oyifisayo ukuthi imaphi amasekhethi asetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene (isho, ukuvala izibani zekamelo lokulala nezindawo zokuphuma phakathi nosuku futhi uzikhanyise futhi ebusuku).Futhi isofthiwe yebhethri izothatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenzisa kwakho amandla, ukuvala amasekhethi angadingeki.Kodwa u-Amirian uxwayise ngokuthi ukufaka iphaneli ehlakaniphile akulula noma kushibhile.“Kuningi ukufundisa amakhasimende okufanele kwenzeke, okuhle nokubi, izindleko kanye nezinzuzo, zokuthi 'Ngifuna ukwazi ukulawula yonke isekethe' uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthi 'Lokho kuzoba ngu-$10,000 womsebenzi kagesi wokucisha izinsuku ezimbili. '”
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ngisho nokushajwa kabusha kwelanga okulinganiselwe, uzokwazi ukwandisa isikhathi lapho ungakwazi ukugcina amandla ungekho kugridi—kodwa kuphela uma ufuna ibhethri lakho elincane.Lesi sibalo sachazwa kahle nguJonnell Carol Minefee, umsunguli we-Solar Tyme USA, isifaki selanga esizinze eGeorgia esigxile emiphakathini yasemaphandleni, eyidlanzana, kanye nempofu: “Ngiyaqonda ukuthi singamaMelika, sithanda noma yini yethu, kodwa kufanele sifunde ukuthi singaphila kanjani ngaphandle kwakho konke okunethezeka ngezinye izikhathi.”
Ukuthi ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yelanga nebhethri ingenza kanjani umthelela omkhulu kakhulu
Nakuba isitoreji sebhethri yelanga sizogcina izinto zikagesi ezibalulekile kanye namadivayisi asebenza lapho ecisha, abakhiqizi nabanye abafaki engikhulume nabo bonke bathi babheka lokho njengomsebenzi owusizo kodwa wesibili.Ngokuyinhloko, babheka lezi zinhlelo njengendlela yokuba abanikazi bezindlu balinganisele izikweletu zabo zezinsiza ngokwenza okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi “ukushefa okuphezulu.”Ngezikhathi zokufunwa okuphezulu (ntambama kuze kube kusihlwa), lapho ezinye izinsiza zinyusa amanani azo, abanikazi bamabhethri bashintshela emandleni ebhethri noma bathumele amandla emuva kugridi;lokhu kubazuzela izaphulelo noma amakhredithi avela kunsiza yendawo.
Kodwa ukusetshenziswa okubaluleke nakakhulu kwamabhethri kuseduze.Izinsiza seziqala ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yazo yegridi ukuze zikwazi ukusebenzisa amabhethri ayimfihlo njengezitshalo zamandla abonakalayo, noma ama-VPP.(Ambalwa aseyasebenza kakade, futhi izimiso ezinjalo kulindeleke ukuba zande phakathi neshumi leminyaka elizayo.) Njengamanje, kuningi kakhulu ophahleni lwelanga kanye namapulazi amaningi asebenza ngelanga kangangokuthi acindezela igridi phakathi nosuku.Wonke amandla abawakhiqizayo kufanele aye ndawana thize, ngakho agelezela kugridi, kuphoqe izinsiza ukuthi ziphelise ezinye zezitshalo zabo ezinkulu zamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, ukuze kugcinwe ukunikezwa kukagesi kanye nesidingo silingana.Kuzwakala kukuhle—ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuyiphuzu lelanga, akunjalo?Kodwa lokho kukhuphuka kokushona kwelanga kufinyelela khona lapho njengoba amaphaneli elanga eyeka ukukhiqiza ugesi.(Umjikelezo wansuku zonke wokukhiqizwa kwe-solar emini yasemini kanye nesidingo esiningi sakusihlwa kukhiqiza lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi “ijika ledada,” igama ongase ubhekane nalo ocwaningweni lwakho lokulondoloza ibhethri.) Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulu, izinsiza zivame ukuphoqeleka ukuthi zishise “izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu,” ezingasebenzi kahle kunezitshalo zamandla ezimbiwa phansi eziyinhloko kodwa ezisheshayo sukuma ngesivinini.Umphumela, ngezinye izinsuku, ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 yezinsiza empeleni kudlula lokho obekungaba yikho ukube abengekho nhlobo amaphaneli elanga.
Izitshalo zamandla abonakalayo zizosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga.Amandla elanga engeziwe azoshaja amabhethri abanikazi bezindlu phakathi nosuku, bese izinsiza zizodonsa kuwo ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwakusihlwa, esikhundleni sokudubula izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu.(Abanikazi bebhethri bazongena izivumelwano ezingokomthetho nezinsiza, zibanikeze ilungelo lokwenza lokhu futhi cishe bathole inkokhelo yokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri abo.)
Ngizonika uBlake Richetta kaSonnen igama lokugcina, njengoba ingekho indlela engingadlulisela ngayo kangcono ukuthi inguquko ye-VPP imele:
“Ukulawulwa koquqaba lwamabhethri, ukuphendula, ukuphefumula nokuphuma ku-grid opharetha ukuthunyelwa, ukuhlinzeka ngesizukulwane esithatha indawo yokukhiqiza okungcolile kwesitshalo esikhulu, ukwenza igridi isebenze ngokuphumelelayo, ukuqeda ukuminyana kwegridi nokudala ukuhlehliswa ezindlekweni. wengqalasizinda yegridi, ukuze kunzinziswe igridi kanye nokuhlinzeka, ukukukhuluma ngokungagwegwesi, isisombululo esishibhe kakhulu kugridi ekuphenduleni kwefrikhwensi kanye nokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, ukuthatha i-solar ekubeni inkathazo ekubeni impahla enezela inani, futhi , ukuyibeka njengetshe, ngisho nokukwazi ukushaja kusuka kugridi, ngakho-ke uma kukhona amathani amapulazi omoya e-Texas akhiqiza amandla amakhulu ngehora lesi-3 ekuseni, ukushaja amabhethri angu-50,000 kanye nokucwilisa lokho. phezulu—yilokhu esikufuna ngempela.Lokhu ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri.”
Lesi sihloko sihlelwe nguHarry Sawyers.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-07-2022