Isistimu yamandla kagesi yaseMelika ibhekana noshintsho olukhulu njengoba ishintsha isuka kumafutha enziwe phansi iye kumandla avuselelekayo.Ngenkathi ishumi leminyaka lokuqala lama-2000s labona ukukhula okukhulu ekukhiqizeni igesi yemvelo, futhi iminyaka yowezi-2010 kwakuyishumi leminyaka lomoya nelanga, izimpawu zakuqala ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusungulwa kweminyaka yowezi-2020 kungase kube intuthuko ezitshalweni zamandla "ezixubile".
Isizinda samandla esiyingxubevange esijwayelekile sihlanganisa ukuphehlwa kukagesi nokugcinwa kwebhethri endaweni efanayo.Lokho ngokuvamile kusho ipulazi lelanga noma lomoya elihlanganiswe namabhethri amakhulu.Ngokusebenza ndawonye, amaphaneli elanga nokugcinwa kwebhethri kungakha amandla avuselelekayo lapho amandla elanga esezingeni eliphakeme phakathi nosuku bese ewakhulula njengoba kudingeka ngemva kokushona kwelanga.
Ukubheka amaphrojekthi wamandla nesitoreji kumugqa wokuthuthukiswa kunikeza amazwibela ekusasa lamandla ayingxube.
Iqembu lethue-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory yathola ukuthi kuyamangaza1,400 gigawattsyamaphrojekthi ahlongozwayo okukhiqiza nokugcina afake isicelo sokuxhuma kugridi - ngaphezu kwazo zonke izimboni zamandla kagesi zase-US zihlangene.Iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke manje amaphrojekthi elanga, futhi ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yalawo maphrojekthi ahlanganisa i-hybrid solar kanye nesitoreji sebhethri.
Nakuba lezi zitshalo zamandla zesikhathi esizayo zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, nazophakamisa imibuzomayelana nendlela igridi kagesi okufanele isetshenziswe ngayo kangcono.
Kungani ama-hybrids eshisa
Njengoba umoya nelanga zikhula, seziqala ukuba nomthelela omkhulu kugridi.
Amandla elanga kakadeidlula u-25%wokuphehlwa kukagesi waminyaka yonke eCalifornia futhi usakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izifundazwe ezifana neTexas, Florida kanye neGeorgia."Ibhande lomoya" lithi, ukusuka eDakotas kuya eTexas, libonileukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwama-wind turbines, ne-Iowa manje ithola amandla ayo amaningi emoyeni.
Leli phesenti eliphezulu lamandla avuselelekayo liphakamisa umbuzo: Siyihlanganisa kanjani imithombo evuselelekayo ekhiqiza amanani amakhulu kodwa ahlukahlukene amandla usuku lonke?
Yilapho isitoreji singena khona. Izintengo zebhethri ye-lithium-ion zinewawa ngokusheshanjengoba ukukhiqizwa kwenyukile emakethe yezimoto zikagesi eminyakeni yamuva nje.Nakuba kukhona ukukhathazeka ngekusasaizinselelo ze-supply chain, ukwakheka kwebhethri nakho kungenzeka kuguquke.
Inhlanganisela yelanga namabhethri ivumela abaqhubi bezitshalo eziyingxubevange ukuthi banikeze amandla ngamahora abaluleke kakhulu lapho isidingo siqine kakhulu, njengezikhathi zantambama zasehlobo nakusihlwa lapho ama-air conditioner esebenza phezulu.Amabhethri aphinde asize ekusheleleni ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya namandla elanga, agcine amandla engeziwe abengancishiswa, futhi anciphise ukuminyana kugridi.
AmaHybrid abusa ipayipi lephrojekthi
Ekupheleni kuka-2020, bekunamaphrojekthi we-solar angama-73 kanye namaphrojekthi ayi-16 ayingxube yomoya asebenza e-US, afinyelela kumagigawathi angu-2.5 okukhiqiza kanye namagigawathi angu-0.45 okugcina.
Namuhla, ama-solar nama-hybrids abusa umzila wokuthuthukiswa.Ekupheleni kuka-2021, ngaphezu kwalokho675 gigawatts solar ehlongozwayoizitshalo zazifake isicelo sokugunyazwa ukuxhunywa kwegridi, ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yazo ebhangqwe nesitoreji.Amanye ama-gigawatts angama-247 wamapulazi omoya ayehambisana, namagigawathi angu-19, noma cishe amaphesenti angu-8 alawo, njengama-hybrids.
Yebo, ukufaka isicelo sokuxhunywa kuyisinyathelo esisodwa kuphela sokuthuthukisa indawo yokuphehla ugesi.Umthuthukisi futhi udinga izivumelwano zomhlaba nezomphakathi, inkontileka yokuthengisa, uxhaso lwezimali nezimvume.Cishe kuphela isitshalo esisodwa kwezine ezintsha ezihlongozwayo phakathi kuka-2010 no-2016 esifinyelele ekuhwebeni.Kepha ukujula kwentshisekelo ezitshalweni ezihlanganisiwe kukhombisa ukukhula okuqinile.
Ezimakethe ezifana ne-California, amabhethri ayimpoqo kubathuthukisi abasha belanga.Njengoba ilanga livame ukulandisaamandla amaningiemakethe yasemini, ukwakha okuningi kunezela inani elincane.Njengamanje u-95% wawo wonke amandla elanga amakhulu ahlongozwayo emgqeni waseCalifornia eza namabhethri.
Izifundo ezi-5 zamahybrids nemibuzo yesikhathi esizayo
Ithuba lokukhula kwama-hybrids avuselelekayo likhulu ngokusobala, kodwa liphakamisa imibuzo ethileiqembu lethueBerkeley Lab ibiphenya.
Nazi ezinye zethuokutholakele okuphezulu:
Utshalomali lukhokha ezifundeni eziningi.Sithole ukuthi ngenkathi ukungeza amabhethri embonini yamandla elanga kunyusa intengo, kuphinde kwenyuse inani lamandla.Ukubeka ukukhiqiza nokugcina endaweni efanayo kungathatha izinzuzo ezivela kumakhredithi entela, ukonga izindleko zokwakha kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza.Uma ubheka amandla emali engenayo eminyakeni yamuva, nangosizo lwezikweletu zentela yenhlangano, inani elingeziwe libonakala lithethelela intengo ephezulu.
Co-location ibuye isho ukuhwebelana.Umoya nelanga kusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho izinsiza zomoya nelanga ziqine kakhulu, kodwa amabhethri ahlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lapho engaletha khona izinzuzo ezinkulu zegridi, njengokukhulula ukuminyana.Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuhwebelana lapho kunqunywa indawo engcono kakhulu enevelu eliphezulu.Izikweletu zentela zikahulumeni ezingatholwa kuphela uma amabhethri ehlanganiswe nelanga zingase zikhuthaze izinqumo ezingafanele kwezinye izimo.
Ayikho inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu.Inani lesitshalo esiyingxube linqunywa ngokwengxenye ngokumiswa kwemishini.Isibonelo, usayizi webhethri ohlobene nejeneretha yelanga unganquma ukuthi imboni ingaletha amandla kuze kube kusihlwa kangakanani.Kodwa inani lamandla asebusuku lincike ezimweni zemakethe zendawo, ezishintsha unyaka wonke.
Imithetho yemakethe yamandla idinga ukuvela.Ama-hybrid angabamba iqhaza emakethe yamandla njengeyunithi eyodwa noma njengezinhlangano ezihlukene, ngebhidi yelanga nesitoreji ngokuzimela.Ama-hybrid angaba abathengisi noma abathengi bamandla, noma bobabili.Lokho kungaba nzima.Imithetho yokubamba iqhaza kwemakethe yama-hybrids isathuthuka, okushiya abaqhubi bezitshalo ukuthi bahlole ukuthi bathengisa kanjani amasevisi abo.
Ama-hybrids amancane adala amathuba amasha:Izitshalo zamandla engxubevange nazo zingaba zincane, njengelanga namabhethri ekhaya noma ebhizinisini.Enjaloama-hybrids asephenduke indinganiso eHawaiinjengoba amandla elanga esuthisa igridi.E-California, amakhasimende angaphansi kokuvalwa kukagesi ukuze avimbele imililo yequbula aya ngokuya engeza isitoreji kumasistimu awo sonozungezilanga.LeziAma-hybrids "emuva kwemitha".phakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi kufanele ziqashwe kanjani, nokuthi zinganikela kanjani ekusebenzeni kwegridi.
Ama-hybrid asanda kuqala, kodwa kuningi okusendleleni.Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngobuchwepheshe, imiklamo yemakethe kanye nemithethonqubo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igridi kanye namanani egridi ayavela nakho.
Nakuba imibuzo isekhona, kuyacaca ukuthi ama-hybrid achaza kabusha izitshalo zamandla.Futhi bangase benze kabusha isistimu yamandla yase-US kule nqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-23-2022