Amandla elanga awubuchwepheshe obubalulekile emazweni amaningi afuna ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emikhakheni yawo yamandla, futhi umthamo womhlaba wonke ofakiwe ulungele ukukhula okurekhodiwe eminyakeni ezayo.
ukufakwa kwamandla elanga kukhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele njengoba amazwe eqinisa imizamo yawo yamandla avuselelekayo futhi ezama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekuphehleni ugesi.
Kanye nomoya, i-solar photovoltaic (PV) iyona esungulwe kakhulu yobuchwepheshe bamandla ekhabhoni ephansi, futhi njengoba ikhula ngesilinganiso, izindleko zentuthuko ziyehla.
Isamba somthamo ofakiwe ohlanganisiwe ekupheleni kuka-2019 sifinyelele kuma-gigawatts (GW) angaba ngu-627 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), i-solar isendleleni yokusetha amarekhodi okuthunyelwa okusha emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye ngemuva kuka-2022, ngesilinganiso esingu-125 GW samandla amasha okulindeleke emhlabeni jikelele phakathi kuka-2021 no-2025.
Isizukulwane se-Solar PV sikhuphuke ngo-22% ngo-2019, futhi simele ukukhula kwesizukulwane sesibili ngobukhulu sabo bonke ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo, ngemuva kancane komoya nangaphambi kwamandla kagesi, ngokusho kwe-ejensi.
Ngo-2020, ilinganiselwa ku-107 GW yomthamo owengeziwe welanga walethwa ku-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele, kanti kulindeleke ukuthi kube ne-117 GW ngo-2021.
I-China iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yamandla elanga, futhi njengoba izwe lithuthukisa izinhlelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngaphambi kuka-2060, kungenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi uzosheshisa nakakhulu phakathi namashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Kepha izifunda emhlabeni wonke ziyakhuphula imizamo yazo yamandla elanga, futhi lapha sichaza amazwe amahlanu aphezulu ngokomthamo ofakiwe kusukela ngo-2019.
Amazwe amahlanu aphezulu ngomthamo wamandla elanga ngo-2019
1. I-China - 205 GW
I-China iziqhayisa ngemikhumbi emikhulu yamandla elanga efakwe emhlabeni wonke, elinganiselwa ku-205 GW ngo-2019, ngokombiko we-IEA's Renewables 2020.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi elanga kwaba ngamahora angama-terawatt angama-223.8 (TWh) ezweni.
Naphezu kokuba yinkampani ehamba phambili yokukhipha impahla emhlabeni, ubukhulu bomnotho waseShayina busho ukuthi izidingo zawo ezinkulu zamandla ziyakwazi ukuthwala imikhumbi emikhulu yamalahle nevuselelekayo emhlabeni.
Izibonelelo zikahulumeni zikhuthaze umsebenzi kulo mkhakha ngasekupheleni kwawo-2010, nakuba uxhaso lwemiklamo yezohwebo manje selunqanyuliwe ukuze kusetshenziswe imodeli yokuncintisana endalini.
Iphrojekthi yelanga eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke e-China yi-Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park (2.2 GW) esifundazweni sase-Qinghai.
2. I-United States - 76 GW
I-US ibe nomthamo welanga wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngo-2019, isamba esingu-76 GW futhi ikhiqiza u-93.1 TWh kagesi.
Kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo, ukufakwa kwe-solar e-US kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele cishe ku-419 GW njengoba izwe lisheshisa imizamo yalo yamandla ahlanzekile kanye nemizamo yokuqeda ngokuphelele uhlelo lwalo lwamandla ngo-2035.
Amaphrojekthi wesilinganiso esisetshenziswayo abusa imboni yelanga yase-US, neCalifornia, Texas, Florida kanye neVirginia phakathi kwezifunda ezisebenza kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya.
Umgomo oyinhloko wokukhula e-US umthetho we-Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) obophezela abathengisi bamandla ukuthi banikeze iphesenti likagesi otholakala emithonjeni evuselelekayo.Ukwehla kwezindleko zokuthunyelwa kanye nezikweletu zentela ezifanele nakho kukhuthaze ukukhula eminyakeni yamuva.
3. Japan - 63.2 GW
I-Japan ikleliswe endaweni yesithathu emazweni anomthamo omkhulu wamandla elanga, enemikhumbi efinyelela ku-63.2 GW ngo-2019, ngokusho kwedatha ye-IEA, ekhiqiza ugesi ongu-74.1 TWh.
Eminye imithombo yamandla efana nelanga nezinye izinto ezivuselelekayo sezidume kakhulu kusukela ngenhlekelele yenuzi yase-Fukushima ngo-2011, eyabangela ukuthi izwe lihlehlise ngokuphawulekayo imisebenzi yalo kumandla enuzi.
I-Japan isebenzise izinhlelo ze-feed-in-tariff (FiT) ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe belanga ukuze kube nomphumela omuhle, nokho imakethe ye-solar PV kulindeleke ukuthi yehle kancane eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukwengezwa kwe-PV yaseJapan kulindeleke ukuthi kube nenkontileka kusukela ngo-2022, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqedwa kohlelo lwe-FiT oluvulekile lwamaphrojekthi amakhulu kanye nomthamo ongabhalisiwe ezindalini ezedlule, kusho i-IEA.
Noma kunjalo, amandla elanga afakiwe e-Japan angasondela ku-100 GW ngo-2025 kuye ngezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kanye nokwehla kwezindleko.
4. EJalimane - 49.2 GW
I-Germany iyizwe elihamba phambili e-Europe ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-solar, nemikhumbi kazwelonke elinganiselwa ku-49.2 GW ngo-2019, ikhiqiza ugesi ongu-47.5 TWh.
Izindali ezincintisanayo ziye zakhulisa imboni eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi uhulumeni waseJalimane muva nje uhlongoze ukwandisa umgomo wawo wokufakwa kwelanga lika-2030 ukuya ku-100 GW njengoba uhlose ingxenye engu-65% yezinto ezivuselelekayo ekuxubeni kwamandla ayo ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka.
Ukufakwa kwezinga elincane, kwangasese kuvamile eJalimane, kukhuthazwa izindlela zokweseka zikahulumeni ezifana nenkokhelo yokukhiqiza ngokweqile, kuyilapho amaphrojekthi ezinsizakusebenza kulindeleke ukuthi akhule eminyakeni ezayo.
Iphrojekthi yelanga yezwe enkulukazi kuze kube manje isikhungo se-Weesow-Wilmersdorf esingamamegawathi ayi-187 (MW) enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Berlin, esithuthukiswe inkampani yaseJalimane i-EnBW.
5. I-India - 38 GW
I-India inomthamo welanga wesihlanu ngobukhulu ofakiwe emhlabeni, isamba esingu-38 GW ngo-2019, futhi ikhiqiza ama-54 TWh kagesi.
Isidingo samandla kulo lonke elase-India kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule ngaphezu kwanoma yisiphi esinye isifunda emashumini eminyaka ezayo futhi, njengezwe lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, izinqubomgomo ziyathuthukiswa ukuze kususwe izwe ezintweni zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle ukuze kuxhaswe izinto ezivuselelekayo.
Izinhloso zikahulumeni zihlanganisa u-450 GW womthamo wamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030, futhi i-solar kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yingqikithi yalesi sifiso.
Ngo-2040, i-IEA ilindele ukuthi ilanga libambe cishe ingxenye engu-31% yengxube yamandla e-India ngaphansi kwezifiso zenqubomgomo ezishiwo njengamanje, uma kuqhathaniswa nangaphansi kuka-4% namuhla.
I-ejensi icaphuna "ukuncintisana kwezindleko okungavamile kwe-solar" e-India njengamandla aqhuba lokhu kuguqulwa, "okuphuma kuqhudelana namandla akhona aqhutshwa ngamalahle ngo-2030 ngisho noma ehlanganiswe nesitoreji sebhethri".
Noma kunjalo, izingqinamba zegridi yokudlulisela kanye nezinselelo zokuthengwa komhlaba kuzodinga ukubhekwana nazo ukuze kusheshiswe intuthuko eqhubekayo yemakethe kagesi welanga yaseNdiya eminyakeni ezayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-07-2022