Ayini amabhethri e-lithium futhi asebenza kanjani?

Ayini amabhethri e-lithium ion, enziwa ngani futhi yiziphi izinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokugcina ibhethri?

Eyokuqala ehlongozwa ngeminyaka yawo-1970 futhi yakhiqizwa ukuhweba ngabakwaSony ngo-1991, amabhethri e-lithium manje asetshenziswa kumakhalekhukhwini, ezindizeni nasezimotweni.Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziye zabaholela empumelelweni ekhulayo embonini yamandla, amabhethri e-lithium ion anezihibe ezithile futhi ayisihloko esivusa izingxoxo eziningi.

Kodwa yini ngempela amabhethri e-lithium futhi asebenza kanjani?

Akhiwe ngani amabhethri e-lithium?

Ibhethri ye-lithium yakhiwa izingxenye ezine ezibalulekile.Ine-cathode, enquma umthamo kanye ne-voltage yebhethri futhi ingumthombo we-lithium ion.I-anode yenza amandla kagesi ageleze kumjikelezo wangaphandle futhi lapho ibhethri lishajwa, i-lithium ion igcinwa ku-anode.

I-electrolyte yakhiwe ngosawoti, izincibilikizi nezithasiselo, futhi isebenza njengomsele we-lithium ion phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode.Ekugcineni kukhona isihlukanisi, isithiyo esingokomzimba esigcina i-cathode ne-anode zihlukene.

Izinzuzo nezingozi zamabhethri e-lithium

Amabhethri e-lithium anomthamo omkhulu wamandla amaningi kunamanye amabhethri.Bangaba namandla afinyelela ku-150 watt-amahora (WH) ngekhilogremu (kg), uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-nickel-metal hydride ku-60-70WH/kg kanye nama-lead acid ku-25WH/kg.

Futhi banezinga eliphansi lokukhishwa kunabanye, balahlekelwa cishe u-5% wenkokhiso yabo ngenyanga uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-nickel-cadmium (NiMH) alahlekelwa ngu-20% ngenyanga.

Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-lithium aqukethe ne-electrolyte evuthayo engabangela imililo yebhethri emincane.Yilokhu okudale ukusha kwe-smartphone edumile ye-Samsung Note 7, okuphoqe abakwaSamsung ukuthi benze kanjaloukukhiqizwa kwezicucufuthi ulahlekelwe u-$26bn enanini lemakethe.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu akuzange kwenzeke kumabhethri e-lithium esikalini.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion nawo ayabiza kakhulu ukuwakhiqiza, njengoba engakwazikubiza cisheUkukhiqiza okungu-40% ngaphezu kwamabhethri e-nickel-cadmium.

Izimbangi

I-Lithium-ion ibhekene nokuncintisana okuvelainqwaba yobunye ubuchwepheshe bebhethri,eziningi zazo zisesigabeni sokuthuthuka.Okunye okunjalo amabhethri asebenza ngamanzi anosawoti.

Ithuthukiswa yi-Aquon Energy, zakhiwe ngamanzi anosawoti, i-manganese oxide nokotini ukuze zenze okuthile okwenziwa kusetshenziswa 'izinto eziningi ezingenabuthi kanye nezindlela zesimanje zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu.'Ngenxa yalokhu, yiwo kuphela amabhethri emhlabeni anezitifiketi ze-cradle-to-cradle.

Ngokufana nobuchwepheshe be-Aquion,I-'Blue Battery' ye-AquaBattery isebenzisa ingxube kasawoti namanzi ahlanzekileegeleza ngolwelwesi ukugcina amandla.Ezinye izinhlobo zebhethri ezingaba khona zihlanganisa amabhethri asebenza ngomchamo weBristol Robotic Laboratory kanyeInyuvesi yaseCalifornia Riversideibhethri ye-lithium ion esebenzisa isihlabathi kune-graphite ye-anode, okuholela kubhethri elinamandla aphindwe kathathu kunezinga lemboni.